Identify one known major application of crystallization.

Research approaches to intelligence mainly involve various methods of measurement. Learn about measuring constructs, psychometrics, information processing, and cognitive structural approaches.

Charles Spearman was an experimental psychologist who was interested in intelligence. Read about Spearman's background, his g factor theory and how Spearman's work continues to influence the field of psychology today.

Lewis Terman was an American psychologist known for his contributions to educational psychology. Discover who he was and how his work on intelligence benefited many people, although controversial to some.

Throughout the history of psychology, tools have been developed to measure people's intelligence, and for a variety of sometimes nefarious purposes. Explore the history of intelligence testing and the controversies surrounding it, such as the evolution of the eugenics movement that targeted immigrants in the early 20th century.

Generalized anxiety disorder is a level of anxiety and worry that interferes with an individual's normal, everyday functioning. Learn the definition of generalized anxiety disorder and explore its causes and treatment.

Learn whether or not IQ changes with age. Identify studies of how IQ increases and decreases with age, and discover strategies for boosting intelligence at any age.

Postformal thought in cognitive development involves understanding the existence of contradictions in the world. Explore the concept of postformal thought, learn how to explain relativistic thinking and dialectical reasoning, and identify how the cognitive skills that develop during early adulthood differ.

Intelligence is one of the most studied concepts in psychology, and yet there is no consensus on its definition or ways to measure it. Learn about some prominent psychologists who studied intelligence and take a closer look at their theories.

Personal biases can negatively affect negotiation processes. Explore the definitions and examples of emotional and motivational biases and discover how these can impact negotiations.

Aggressive behavior, or violence with the intent to harm, can arise due to both internal and external factors. Explore the origins and theories of aggression and how cultural and gender differences play a role in social norms.

During middle age, adults may notice that some of their cognitive processes are not as sharp as before. Explore mental skills that decline in middle adulthood, including information processing and working memory.

Learn about Raymond Cattell. Understand Cattell's theory of personality, identify the main features of this theory, and learn the types of data according to Cattell.

A fearful over-reaction to an object or situation is labelled a phobia. Learn the definitions of two kinds of phobias, specific and social, as well as their causes and treatment.

People's intelligence isn't entirely dependent on biological factors; environmental factors play a key role in intelligence it as well. Explore how researchers use measurable biological and environmental factors in studying intelligence.

Sexuality is an important part of most adults' lives, but as people age, they can experience changes in their sexuality. Learn about sexual functioning and the changes regarding sex that often occur in middle adulthood, including sexual dysfunction and changes in the frequency of sex.

Learn all about intelligence tests. Understand what an intelligence test is, learn their history and evolution, and see the different types of intelligence tests.