With the aid of legislation and decided cases, examine the extent to which the Economic Crime...

The United States' judicial process has resulted in trends of sentencing, reflecting issues in the justice system. Identify causes of prison overcrowding and the use of innovative sentencing options that may reduce prison populations, and several other disheartening sentencing trends.

Most people's image of a police officer is a white male, leading many law enforcement agencies to actively recruit women and minorities. Learn about strategies for recruiting women and minorities, such as treating recruitment as if it were marketing, community involvement, reviewing the application process, and promoting women and minority police as role models.

Indeterminate criminal sentencing, which is used in most states, is when the sentence is given as a range, not a specific time period. Learn the definition and differences between determinant sentencing and indeterminate sentencing. Learn about parole variables, and the purpose and advantages of indeterminate sentencing.

A wide array of people participate in the courtroom setting and it is important to understand the differences between professional and non-professional members. Discover who the non-professional outsiders are in a courtroom setting, such as spectators, lay witnesses, and victims, and also the professionals in the courtroom like judges, attorneys, bailiffs, and court reporters and clerks.

Prisoners' rights are guaranteed by the Constitution and include a certain standard of living, access to courts, and equal treatment under state and federal law. Learn about the legal aspects and judges' rulings, or court precedent, stemming from prisoners' rights cases in recent history.

Explore community justice, also referred to as restorative justice. Discover the definition, application, goals, and outcomes of community justice.

Learn about the federal law enforcement agencies that exist, along with their roles and jurisdictions. Discover what jobs are available in federal law enforcement.

The exclusionary rule is a principle of U.S. criminal law that asserts that illegally obtained evidence cannot be presented against a defendant at trial. Learn the historical background of this rule, review its pros and cons, and understand its connection to the Fourth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Learn the definition of intermediate sanctions and examine how it falls within the continuum of sanctions. Study the types of intermediate sanctions with examples.

Before any criminal trial takes place, both parties have several important activities to complete before entering the courtroom. Arraignment, the bond hearing, discovery, motions, and diversion programs are all key pretrial activities. Explore the steps, purposes, and importance of each of these activities.

What are intermediate sanctions? Learn the definition of intermediate sanctions, the purpose of intermediate sanctions, and how intermediate sanctions are used.

Learn what police subculture is. Identify characteristics and examples of the police working personality, and study the debate about police subculture reform.

Explore local law enforcement. View different types of local law enforcement. Discuss their roles and how they interact with other law enforcement agencies.

There are three main types of enforcing the law using policing: watchman, legalistic, and service. Explore the definitions and differences of each of these policing styles in detail using examples to see the advantages and disadvantages of their use in various communities.

Learn all about the rights of the accused. Understand what procedural rights are, which amendments protect the rights of the accused, and learn their importance.

Preventative patrol is the concept of acting preemptively to reduce crime. Examine how this appears in studies and experiments in traffic enforcement, patrol divisions, and community outreach.