Flashcards - NES General Science: Evolution

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evolution

Evolution is change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations

hypothesis

A hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon

polyploidy

Polyploid cells and organisms are those containing more than two paired sets of chromosomes

speciation

Speciation is the evolutionary process by which reproductively isolated biological populations evolve to become distinct species

species

In biology, a species is one of the basic units of biological classification and a taxonomic rank

zygote

A zygote , is a eukaryotic cell formed by a fertilization event between two gametes

heritability of acquired characteristics

The inheritance of acquired characteristics is a hypothesis that physiological changes acquired over the life of an organism may be transmitted to offspring

Population genetics

Population genetics is a subfield of genetics that deals with genetic differences within and between populations, and is a part of evolutionary biology

founder effect

In population genetics, the founder effect is the loss of genetic variation that occurs when a new population is established by a very small number of individuals from a larger population

convergent evolution

Convergent evolution is the independent evolution of similar features in species of different lineages

homologous

In the context of biology, homology is the existence of shared ancestry between a pair of structures, or genes, in different taxa

stabilizing selection

Stabilizing selection is a type of natural selection in which genetic diversity decreases and the population mean stabilizes on a particular trait value

Low hybrid viability

Hybrid inviability is a post-zygotic barrier, which reduces a hybrid's capacity to mature into a healthy, fit adult

Jean-Baptiste Lamarck

Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck , often known simply as Lamarck , was a French naturalist

gene pool

The gene pool is the set of all genes, or genetic information, in any population, usually of a particular species

Disruptive selection

Disruptive selection, also called diversifying selection, describes changes in population genetics in which extreme values for a trait are favored over intermediate values

sympatric speciation

Sympatric speciation is the process through which new species evolve from a single ancestral species while inhabiting the same geographic region

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