Examples of Achilles's Pride
It's not difficult to find several examples of Achilles's pride in The Iliad; in fact, the epic begins with one, which ends up affecting the rest of the epic. In Book One, Agamemnon has his war prize, a captured woman, taken away from him. This wounds Agamemnon's pride, so he replaces his prize with Achilles' war prize, another woman named Briseis. Not only is Achilles upset because he was fond of Briseis, he is also upset because his pride took a hit in front of all the warriors who saw that Agamemnon got the better of him. This causes him to stop fighting.
Achilles Rejects Agamemnon's Apology
After Achilles withdraws from the fighting, things start to go badly for the Greeks. Agamemnon eventually decides that he needs to apologize to Achilles and get him back to the fighting before they lose the war. In Book Nine, Agamemnon sends three of the Greek warriors to deliver several gifts to Achilles, along with Agamemnon's apology. Achilles rejects both the gifts and the apology, however, because he still feels that his pride was injured, and he has not gotten over his anger over this.
Achilles' Pride Compared to Agamemnon's Pride
The fact that Achilles rejects Agamemnon's gifts and apology is also significant because it's now clear that Agamemnon is more capable of swallowing his pride than Achilles. This is surprising because Agamemnon is also known for his pride—remember, at the beginning it was Agamemnon's wounded pride that caused him to take away Briseis from Achilles. The fact that Achilles holds onto his injured pride longer than Agamemnon makes Agamemnon appear to be the more sympathetic character for a while, because he at least attempted to make amends.
Achilles' Anger
It's difficult to divorce Achilles' anger from his pride. In the previous examples, it's clear that his wounded pride is what makes him become angry, and this is difficult for Achilles to rise above. The most memorable scenes involving Achilles' anger, however, concern his reaction to the murder of Patroclus and his treatment of Hector's body after he avenges his dear friend Patroclus's death.
The Death of Patroclus
When news reaches Achilles that Patroclus has been killed by Hector, a Trojan warrior, he goes into a rage. In fact, we read that Achilles kills so many Trojans that the river becomes clogged by their corpses, and the river god must ask Achilles to stop raging. Even this does not slow Achilles down, and he continues to fight.
Achilles' Anger and Hector's Body
Finally, Achilles comes face to face with the Trojan he most wants to kill: Hector. And kill him he does, but that is not enough for Achilles. He is so consumed by rage over the death of his friend that he proceeds to drag Hector's body in the dirt, until Priam, the king of Troy and the father of Hector, visits Achilles and convinces him to return the body of his son.
Lesson Summary
Achilles' anger and pride are key parts of his character. Achilles is the main character in Homer's epic The Iliad. Achilles' pride sets much of the plot in motion when he withdraws from the fighting in response to Agamemnon wounding his ego. Achilles' anger is most evident both when he responds to Patroclus's death with so much violence and when he mistreats the body of Hector.
