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Artistic & Oral Traditions of the Maya

Chapter 15 /  Lesson 10   Transcript
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  • 0:01 Art and Language of…
  • 0:23 Art in Maya Culture
  • 1:09 Mayan Language
  • 2:44 Lesson Summary
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Lesson Transcript
Instructor: Christopher Muscato

Chris has a master's degree in history and teaches at the University of Northern Colorado.

In this lesson, you will explore the art and language of the Maya, one of the highly sophisticated cultures of the ancient Americas. Then, you will be able to test your understanding with a brief quiz.

The Art and Language of the Ancient Maya

In the jungles of Central America, there was an ancient civilization called the Maya. They had sophisticated culture, science, religion, math, astronomy, art, and even writing. The Maya were not a single empire, like the Aztecs or Inca, but were several independent governments based in an urban center, called city-states, that shared a similar language and culture.

Art in Maya Culture

Art was prevalent in Maya societies. The temples, ball courts, royal palaces, observatories, and tombs were often covered in murals. These large paintings on walls depicted scenes from Maya religion, history, and daily life. To make the murals, the Maya had a wide variety of colors they either created or received through trade. The most notable of these was a rich, turquoise blue that became famous across Central America.

Other styles of Maya art included woodcarving, stone sculptures, ceramics, and modeled plaster called stucco. These pieces of art were found in homes, temples, palaces, and pretty much any other place the Maya could put them. Art was a major part of Maya culture because it was deeply connected to their language, history, religion, culture, and life.

Mayan Language

The Maya were the only major civilization in the Americas to develop their own written language. A true written language must represent the entire spoken language in symbolic form, using letters or characters for sounds or ideas. The Mayan written language was hieroglyphic, meaning it used symbols rather than letters. Although the language changed over time, there were about 500 symbols used at any given time in written Mayan. This meant that if you wanted to write in Mayan, you would have to learn 500 different symbols, as opposed to the 26 letters in our alphabet.

The Mayan written language was developed roughly between 300 and 200 BCE. It was carved into temples, palaces, and tall stone markers called stelae, but also was written into books. Maya books were made of paper from processed tree bark. Rather than each page being made individually, the entire book was one long piece of paper that was folded into pages of equal width, called a folding book. They wrote mostly in black ink, outlined or highlighted in red. This may be the reason that another Central American civilization, the Aztecs, referred to the Maya as the people of black and red.

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You are viewing lesson Lesson 10 in chapter 15 of the course:

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World History: Middle School

20 chapters | 223 lessons

Ch 15. Meso-American & Andean Civilizations
Ch 16. Renaissance Europe

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