Wealthy Prince
It's believed Siddhartha Gautama was born sometime around the year 560 BCE. He was born to a very wealthy family, with his father ruling over an area near modern day Nepal. Because of his family wealth, Gautama was very sheltered from the outside world. Some even refer to him as a prince and believe his father confined him to the palace, where he showered him with all the trappings of wealth and pleasure. In other words, Gautama lived in a very, very, very comfortable cage.
Desiring more and despite his father's efforts, Gautama escaped from his gilded cage to see the outside world. On this field trip of sorts, he was shocked to see real life and the suffering that came with it. Legend tells us there were four people he saw who changed his life. They were a sick man, an old man, a dead man, and an ascetic, or in Western terms, 'a monk.'
Seeing the suffering of the sick and old man and especially seeing the corpse shocked the young prince who had lived such a cushy life. With this, he began to grapple with questions like, 'Why must humans suffer?' and 'Why is there pain in this world?' Upon seeing the monk, Siddhartha Gautama took it as a sign. Deciding to leave his family and his lavish life, he turned to a life of asceticism, or severe self-discipline, avoiding all forms of indulgence. Many scholars feel this was his attempt to reach enlightenment and the avoidance of sickness, pain, and death.
Bodhi Tree
Upon leaving his sheltered life, Gautama traveled around India studying under Hindu priests. However, he soon became disenchanted with Hinduism so he threw himself into complete asceticism. Some legends go as far as teaching that he was so strict he would only allow himself to eat one grain of rice per day. Eventually, and being thin as a rail, Gautama thought better of this idea, coming to the awareness that this sort of life would kill him before it enlightened him.
Gautama eventually gave up starvation and turned to a life of meditation. One day, while sitting under a tree, known as the Bodhi tree, or 'Tree of Wisdom,' Gautama entered into deep meditation. During this meditation he claimed to have reached the highest degree of divine consciousness, known to Buddhists as nirvana.
In this transcendent state, he claimed to have been free from suffering, desire, and the sense of self. From this incident, Siddhartha Gautama earned the famous name of Buddha, which many translate as 'The Enlightened One,' 'The Awakened One,' or even the 'Goal Attainer.'
Spread of Buddhism
Believing he had sort of found the answers to life, he felt it was his mission to share what he had learned with the world. With this passion, he became what is referred to as a bodhisattva, or one who can reach nirvana, yet delays it in order to help others. Soon his message spread throughout India, especially resonating with those who had become disillusioned with Hinduism.
By the time of his death, sometime around the age of 80, Siddhartha Gautama, a.k.a. Buddha, was famous throughout the Indian sub-continent. Within a few hundred years, Buddhism would spread throughout all of Asia.
However, it's important to note that Siddhartha Gautama never declared himself to be divine. Instead, he preferred to be known as the 'Way-Shower.' It wasn't until much, much later that Buddhists would begin to consider Buddha as a deity.
Lesson Summary
Born as a wealthy prince, Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism, led a sheltered life. However, upon seeing a sick man, an old man, a dead man, and an ascetic, or a monk, the young man became aware of the sufferings of the world. First turning to asceticism, or severe self-discipline, Gautama then turned to meditation.
One day while sitting under a Bodhi tree, or the 'Tree of Wisdom,' Gautama claimed to have reached the state of nirvana where he was free from suffering, desire, and the sense of self. With this, Asia was forever changed as Siddhartha Gautama, came to be called Buddha - 'The Enlightened One.'
Learning Outcomes
When this lesson is done, you should be able to:
- Describe Buddha's upbringing
- Define ascetic and asceticism
- Recall what nirvana and bodhisattva mean
- Tell what kind of tree the 'Tree of Wisdom' is
