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Passive Immunity: Definition & Examples

Chapter 17 /  Lesson 22   Transcript
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  • 0:00 What Is Passive Immunity?
  • 1:02 What Is Natural…
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Instructor: Adrianne Baron

Adrianne has taught high school and college biology and has a master's degree in cancer biology.

Learn all about passive immunity, including the different kinds and the various ways it is acquired and used. Then, check your new knowledge by taking a short quiz.

What is Passive Immunity?

Immunity refers to being protected or having a resistance to a particular illness or disease. You are immune to a disease or illness when your body creates antibodies to fight off the disease. Antibodies are blood proteins in your body that deactivate an infectious agent.

Passive immunity means that you gained resistance to the disease without having to actively do anything to gain resistance. In other words, you have received the antibodies that you needed to fight off an infection without your own immune system having to create the antibodies. This is in contrast to active immunity, in which your immune system has to be exposed to the disease in order to actually create the antibodies that are needed to fight the disease.

Wouldn't it be great if we could just get passive immunity to every disease without ever having to experience the disease itself? That would be nice, but there is a down side to it. Passive immunity is immediate, but it only lasts for a short time - a few weeks to 3 months - because your body doesn't know how to make the antibodies. So how do we get passive immunity?

What Is Natural Passive Immunity?

There are two main ways that passive immunity is acquired. One way is experienced by babies worldwide every day during fetal development. The baby acquires the antibodies in the mother's body, which she has created over her lifetime. This is called natural passive immunity. So see? We all experienced a little passive immunity at least once in life. Thanks, Mom!

There is another added benefit for babies that are breastfed. The first milk to come out is also packed with antibodies from the mother's body. This is a lot of the reason why pediatricians recommend breastfeeding, and why studies have shown that breastfed babies are healthier overall. The antibodies circulate for about 6 weeks and then they are no longer in the blood.

Unfortunately, you're past that point in life now, and that immunity is gone, so let's look at another way that passive immunity can be received.

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