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Redox Reactions & Electron Carriers in Cellular Respiration: Definitions and Examples

Chapter 11 /  Lesson 2   Transcript
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  • 0:05 Chemical Reaction for…
  • 1:50 Electron Carrier
  • 3:08 NAD+ and NADH
  • 4:35 FAD and FADH2
  • 4:58 Significance of NAD and FAD
  • 5:43 Lesson Summary
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Lesson Transcript
Instructor: Greg Chin
Redox reactions play an important role in cellular respiration. In this lesson, you will see how NAD and FAD are used as electron carriers to temporarily store energy during cellular respiration.

Chemical Reaction for Cellular Respiration

We have learned previously that energy production is an extremely important cellular task. Failure to produce enough energy in the form of ATP can result in fatigue, among other things. It's the difference in being the runner whose body is still performing at a high level and the runner who's gassed. Let's explore how our cells try to keep our bodies from running out of energy by learning about the chemical reactions that contribute to making ATP.

Cellular respiration is a biological process in which organic compounds are converted into energy. During cellular respiration, oxygen reacts with an organic compound to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy. This seems like a pretty generalized formula for chemical reactions, so let's see if we can make it a little more specific and chemical-like.

Organic compound + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + Energy

The sugar glucose is the main fuel source for cellular respiration. So let's replace 'organic compound' with the chemical formula for glucose, which is C6H12O6.

C6H12O6 + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + Energy

If you recall, we also know that ATP is the molecule that is the 'currency' for energy in cells. Cellular respiration converts ADP into ATP, so let's add that to our cellular respiration equation as well.

C6H12O6 + O2 + ADP --> CO2 + H2O + ATP

This is the basic formula that describes cellular respiration.

We shall soon see how the cell uses a series of redox reactions to break down glucose to release energy. That energy is used to change ADP into ATP that can be used to power biological processes throughout the cell.

Electron Carrier

Recall that a 'redox reaction' is simply shorthand for an oxidation-reduction reaction. That means that during cellular respiration, some molecules in our cellular respiration chemical reaction will be oxidized and some will be reduced.

What exactly does that mean? Remember our mnemonic aid, 'LEO the lion says GER.' A molecule that is oxidized loses electrons, and a molecule that is reduced gains electrons.

Lose

Electrons

Oxidation

Gain

Electrons

Reduction

Well, that's a super mnemonic reminder, but what does it mean in terms of cellular respiration? How is a redox reaction going to help make ATP?

There's a lot of energy stored in the bonds between the carbon and hydrogen atoms in glucose. During cellular respiration, redox reactions basically transfer this bond energy in the form of electrons from glucose to molecules called electron carriers. So an electron carrier is basically a molecule that transports electrons during cellular respiration. By using electron carriers, energy harvested from glucose can be temporarily stored until the cell can convert the energy into ATP.

Equation for the NAD+ and NADH reaction during cellular respiration
Diagram for NAD and NADH Reaction

NAD+ and NADH

Two molecules that serve this role are NAD and FAD. NAD stands for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It is one of the major energy carriers during cellular respiration.

Let's see how NAD is able to store energy for a cell during cellular respiration. Recall that we are going store energy in NAD by adding electrons to it. That means that the NAD molecule can exist in either an oxidized or a reduced form.

NAD+ is the oxidized form of NAD. When NAD+ reacts with two hydrogen atoms, two electrons can be added to the NAD+ molecule, resulting in a NADH molecule and a proton, or H+.

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You are viewing lesson Lesson 2 in chapter 11 of the course:

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Biology 101: Intro to Biology

22 chapters | 151 lessons | 12 flashcard sets

Ch 11. Cellular Metabolism & Respiration
Ch 12. Cell Growth & The Process of Cell...

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