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Theresa has taught college Writing for 15 years and is two classes from completing a doctorate in Education
I'm sure you know the feeling of anticipation when you are about to take a quiz or test. Did you take detailed class notes and study enough? And you surely have been assigned with various essays. Did you give yourself enough time to research, write, and revise your essay in order to meet the requirements?
Exams and essays along with speeches and projects are forms of assessment. Assessment is a critical step in the learning process. It determines whether or not the course's learning objectives have been met. A learning objective is what students should know or be able to do by the time a lesson is completed. Assessment affects many facets of education, including student grades, placement, and advancement as well as curriculum, instructional needs, and school funding.
Let's look at a couple of the main effects of assessment:
Student Learning
Assessment is a key component of learning because it helps students learn. When students are able to see how they are doing in a class, they are able to determine whether or not they understand course material. Assessment can also help motivate students. If students know they are doing poorly, they may begin to work harder.
Imagine this situation:
Johnny is a chemistry student. He just took his first exam in his class. He earned a 56%; he needs a 79% to pass the class. The low exam score lets Johnny know that he missed something important he should have learned. Perhaps, he did not understand the material, or maybe he did not study long enough. Whatever the case, the assessment results let Johnny know that he did not successfully learn the material and that he must try something new in order to earn a better score.
Teaching
Just as assessment helps students, assessment helps teachers. Frequent assessment allows teachers to see if their teaching has been effective. Assessment also allows teachers to ensure students learn what they need to know in order to meet the course's learning objectives.
Imagine this situation:
Mrs. Brown is a 12th grade biology teacher. After finishing the unit on cell division, she gives a 50-point multiple-choice test. Upon grading the exam, Mrs. Brown realized the average class grade was a 68%, far below the cutoff line for passing. Mrs. Brown can easily see that her students didn't fully learn cell division. This tells her that she needs to re-visit the unit on cell division and determine why students failed the exam. Perhaps she may need to try a different teaching strategy, or perhaps she did not spend enough time on difficult material.
Assessment is designed so that students understand their progress towards course goals and modify their behavior in order to meet those goals. In order to do that, assessment should be ongoing. In other words, classes that use one or two exams a term are not using assessment as effectively as it could be used. In order for students to gain a true representation of their understanding, frequent assessment is critical, and it should be accompanied with feedback.
Assessment is really only as good as the feedback that accompanies it. Feedback is the teacher's response to student work. In order to make assessment as effective as possible, teachers should provide their feedback as well as a letter grade. It is important that students understand why a particular question was incorrect or why their essay did not meet requirements.
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There are three main forms to assess students. They are:
Formative assessment occurs in the short term and is meant to provide students with the opportunity to find the meaning in the content they are learning. In formative assessment, feedback should be nearly immediate in order to provide the learner with the opportunity to understand why he/she may have gotten an incorrect answer right away. Examples of formative assessment include classroom discussions or short quizzes.
Interim assessment takes place occasionally over a given period of time (For example, a chapter or a unit). Feedback is given quickly but not immediately. In many cases, interim assessment includes an opportunity for a student to resubmit an assignment (not always for a new grade) once feedback has been digested and acted upon. Examples of interim assessment include chapter tests or an essay.
Summative assessment takes place after a large chunk of information has been learned. While students are given the opportunity to learn through formative and interim assessment, summative assessment is typically used to benefit the teacher and his/her teaching strategy. Summative assessment is typically not accompanied by feedback. An example of summative assessment is a final exam.
Let's review. Assessment is a process of determining whether or not students have met a course's learning objectives. It affects both student learning and teaching strategy.
There are three main forms of assessment:
Each of these forms is different in purpose and function, providing varying degrees of feedback.
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After you've finished, you should be able to:
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