Ch 3: Behaviors & Properties of Solutions

1. Solutions, Solutes, and Solvents

Oh no! Your friend Ben just drank chili oil on a dare, and now his mouth is burning. Should he drink the ice water or vegetable oil to cool his mouth? Quick. Watch this lesson if you aren't sure.

2. Calculating Molarity and Molality Concentration

Learn the abbreviations and meaning of molarity and molality and go over some sample calculations with given concentrations.

3. Solute Concentration: Definition & Overview

In this lesson, you will learn the definition of a solute concentration. Also, an example will be included to assist with your learning of the science behind a solute concentration.

4. Calculating Percent Composition and Determining Empirical Formulas

Learn the difference between the empirical formula and chemical formula. Learn how to calculate the percent composition of an element in a compound. Learn how, if given a percent composition, to determine the empirical formula for a compound.

5. Parts Per Million: Definition, Calculation & Example

In chemistry we will often see things described as parts per million (ppm), in this lesson we will learn what this means as well as how to calculate ppm.

6. The Rate of Dissolution: Factors and Definition

Learn what dissolution is and the factors that affect the rate of dissolution, such as temperature, surface area, polarity and pressure. Learn what miscible and immiscible mean in regards to liquids.

7. Chromatography, Distillation and Filtration: Methods of Separating Mixtures

What are some ways that mixtures can be separated? Watch this video to explore several examples of ways you can separate a mixture into its individual components.

8. Weak Acids, Weak Bases, and Buffers

This lesson covers both strong and weak acids and bases, using human blood as an example for the discussion. Other concepts discussed included conjugate acids and bases, the acidity constant, and buffer systems within the blood.

9. Titration of a Strong Acid or a Strong Base

Discover what titration is and how to calculate the concentration of an acid or base that has been titrated to equivalence. Learn the meaning of titrant, standard solution and equivalence point. Study titration curves and learn how to determine pH during any point of a titration between a strong acid and strong base.

10. Titrations with Weak Acids or Weak Bases

Learn about titrations with weak acids or weak bases in this lesson. Study their titration curves and learn about some of their important characteristics. Learn how to calculate pH during titrations involving weak acids and strong bases.

11. The Arrhenius Definition of Acids and Bases

In this lesson, you will learn the definition of Arrhenius acids and bases, discover some of their chemical properties and learn some examples. You will also learn about the difference between strong and weak Arrhenius acids and bases.

12. The Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis Definition of Acids and Bases

Learn the Bronsted-Lowry and Lewis definitions of an acid and base. Discover how these theories differ from each other and from the Arrhenius theory of an acid and base. Learn how to identify an acid in terms of proton donation and a base as a proton acceptor, and explain what a conjugate acid or base is.

13. The pH Scale: Calculating the pH of a Solution

Learn the history of the pH scale, how to describe it and why it is used by scientists. Discover how to calculate the pH of an acid or base solutions given either the hydroxide ion concentration or the hydronium ion concentration. Learn how to start with the pH and calculate the hydroxide and hydronium ion concentrations.

14. Acid-Base Buffers: Calculating the pH of a Buffered Solution

Learn what a buffer is, how it works, and why we benefit from having our blood buffered. Learn how to calculate the pH of a buffered solution before an acid or base is added and how the pH changes after an acid or base is added.