Ch 13: MTEL Chemistry: Thermodynamics

1. The Laws of Thermodynamics

The laws of thermodynamics deal with the relationship between heat and energy. Explore how the laws of thermodynamics function in everyday life, review the first and second laws, and learn about energy in a closed system.

2. The Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

The zeroth law of thermodynamics asserts that thermal equilibrium between two objects experiencing no heat exchange and no impermeable barriers applies between other objects with the same equilibrium as well. Learn about the definition of thermal equilibrium and explore how the zeroth law helps explain temperature.

3. State Functions in Thermochemistry

Where you start and where you finish, or state functions, are an important part of Thermochemistry. This lesson will define state functions, examine their use, and explore the importance of state functions.

4. Enthalpy: Energy Transfer in Physical and Chemical Processes

When energy is transferred during a chemical reaction, it is called enthalpy. Examine the changes that happen, the relationship to energy, heat, and temperature, exothermic and endothermic processes, and physical and chemical changes during enthalpy.

5. Bond Energy: Definition & Equation

Bond energy is the measurement of energy that must be achieved for a chemical bond to be broken. Discover how to calculate the equations of bond energy with different bond lengths, and how it's applied to understanding chemical reactions.

6. Using Hess's Law to Calculate the Change in Enthalpy of a Reaction

Enthalpy change of a multi-step chemical reaction is Hess's Law. Explore Hess's Law, thermochemical equations, how to manipulate thermochemical equations, how to use Hess's law to calculate the enthalpy change of a reaction, and how to calculate ΔH for the reaction.

7. Predicting the Entropy of Physical and Chemical Changes

Because nature moves spontaneously, it leads to randomness or disorder, which involves entropy. Learn about what entropy is, how to predict it, how to calculate its changes in chemical reactions, and what factors can affect its physical and chemical changes.

8. Free Energy: Predicting the Spontaneity of a Reaction

When a reaction takes place without any work from the outside, it is a spontaneous reaction. Examine the definition of spontaneity, the relationships between spontaneity, temperature, and free energy, and how to predict the spontaneity of a reaction.

9. Standard Enthalpy of Formation: Explanation & Calculations

The standard enthalpy of formation or the standard heat of formation is used in calculations to determine changes in enthalpy. Study the energy of chemical reactions and the explanation and calculations for standard enthalpy of formation.

10. Calorimetry: Measuring Heat Transfer and Heat Capacity

When a substance absorbs or gives out heat, the measurement of the heat transfer is calorimetry. Explore the meaning of calorimetry, the units of heat, specific heat capacity, and calorimetry and heat calculations.

11. The Relationship Between Enthalpy (H), Free Energy (G) and Entropy (S)

Free energy can effect entropy and enthalpy reactions, depending on spontaneity and temperature. Explore free energy, how enthalpy and entropy relate to each other, why reactions are spontaneous, and the effect of temperature on different reactions.

12. Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions

In endothermic reactions, the system gains heat as the surroundings cool down, and in exothermic reactions, the system loses heat as the surroundings heat up. Explore the differences between these reactions and learn about chemical reactions and enthalpy.