Geophysics and Seismology

Geophysics is the study of the Earth's physical properties, with seismology a branch of geophysics concerning earthquakes and seismic waves. While a master's degree is most common in these fields, there are opportunities at all educational levels.

Inside Geophysics and Seismology

Geophysicists study the magnetic, electrical and gravitational forces of the Earth, as well as its surface, internal composition and atmosphere. Seismologists are geophysicists who specialize in earthquakes and in the origins and transmission of seismic waves within the Earth. They use the basic physical principles of planets to investigate subsurface conditions of the Earth, often to address environmental and engineering problems. Some seismologists focus on collecting and analyzing seismological data to increase the ability to predict the occurrence and magnitude of earthquakes. Other geophysicists who specialize in seismology may assist in the administration of government regulations, conduct research or offer consulting services around the globe.

Education Information

Students interested in geophysics may pursue a bachelor's, master's or doctoral degree, as well as a graduate level certificate. A master's degree is the most common level of education for geophysicists, with professional master's degrees available at some schools. A PhD in Geophysics is geared towards those pursuing teaching and research careers; some schools allow students with bachelor's degrees to enter PhD programs directly. Individuals interested in geophysics will need a strong background in mathematics, chemistry and physics.

Geophysics programs emphasize courses in earth and planetary sciences, alongside advanced courses in remote sensing, global tectonics, seismic wave propagation, reflection seismology, structural geology and statistics. Students typically spend much of their time in labs and may have opportunities to engage in field research with faculty through directed studies courses. Some geophysics programs permit students to concentrate their upper division studies in seismology, while other schools offer seismology as a concentration within graduate programs.

In addition to geophysics programs, schools may offer degrees in geology, geoscience or physics that can also prepare graduates for careers in geophysics and seismology. Read the following articles to learn about some degree options for aspiring geophysicists.

Distance Learning Options

Online-only degree programs in geophysics and related fields are rare due to the hands-on nature of the field and the necessary lab work characteristic of the geosciences. However, distance learners may enroll in online courses in geophysics, geology and related subjects that may partially satisfy degree requirements. Bachelor's degree programs in physics can also be found in hybrid formats. Below is a list of articles about online choices.

Career Options

Geophysics graduates may work in a wide range of private industries, including mining and quarrying, construction, petroleum, education, geotechnology and research. Many also work for federal and state agencies, like the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S. Department of the Interior or for state geological surveys. The articles below include information about some possible geophysics careers.

Employment Information

The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (www.bls.gov) projected faster-than-average job growth, a rate of 16%, for geoscientists from 2012-2022, with the best opportunities for those with master's degrees. The median annual wage of geoscientists, including geophysicists, was $90,890 as of May 2012, also per the BLS.

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